近24a哈尔滨机场跑道易结冰月气温统计分析

The Temperature Statistics Analysis in the Winter Ice Month of Haerbin Airport Runway in Recent 24 Years

本文统计分析了哈尔滨机场1986-2009年3月份的气温,得出近24 a 3月份的平均气温总体趋势为先升后降,最低气温的变化先于最高气温,其对平均温度的影响较大。气温跟降水成负相关关系,暖干、冷湿相伴,且最高温度与降水日数相关显著。低气温对应的除冰日数多,高气温则少。雪深对跑道结冰有一定的作用,如果预报日气温均≤-3℃,且雪深≥3 cm,要考虑跑道结冰;如果预报日气温均≥2℃,当有雨夹雪或雪时,考虑跑道结冰;如果预报当日气温经过0℃,只要降水发生时段的温度在±3℃,无论雨夹雪或雪的时长、强度是多少,都应该考虑结冰。

The temperature of march from 1986 to 2009 was analyzed, and it showed that the main tendency oI average temperature of march increase then decrease in recent 24 years. The lowest temperature which contributed to the average temperature most changed earlier than the highest temperature.The relation between temperature and precipitation was opposite, usually dry warm air accompanied with the wet cold air, and the hig^hest temperature related to the precipitation clearly. Also lower temperature corresponded to more ice,and higher temperature didn＇t. The depth of snow can affect the ice formation on the runway, when the average temperature was lower than -3 ℃and the depth of snow was larger than 3 cm, the ice would be formed on the runway, also when the daily average temperature higher than 2 ℃, and it was rain with snow simultaneously, the ice would be formed. It was obviously that if the temperature was between -3 ℃ to 3 ℃,whether it rained or snowed, the ice would be formed.