天津市德国小蠊对常用杀虫剂的抗药性测定

Resistance of Blattella gemanica to commonly used pesticides in Tianjin

目的解天津市德国小蠊对常用杀虫剂的抗药性现状,为制定科学的防治措施提供依据。方法采用WHO推荐的药膜法测定半数击倒时间(KT_(50));将德国小蠊分别放入用5种杀虫剂(敌敌畏、乙酰甲胺磷、残杀威、高效氯氰菊酯、氯菊酯)制作的广口药膜瓶中,观察击倒率。计算抗性系数(RR_(50))。结果天津市南开区、津南区、河西区、塘沽区、东丽区、西青区、北辰区德国小蠊现场种群对敌敌畏的KT_(50)分别为6.15、6.49、8.37、8.22、7.84、9.29、12.40min,对乙酰甲胺磷的KT_(50)分别为74.28、65.36、29.52、30.23、30.67、58.64、33.08 min,对残杀威的KT_(50)分别为24.97、40.63、27.17、24.43、40.73、42.44、40.91 min;各现场种群对敌敌畏、乙酰甲胺磷和残杀威的RR_(50)均<3倍。南开区、塘沽区、西青区德国小蠊现场种群对高效氯氰菊酯的KT_(50)分别为32.61、36.50、51.00 min,RR_(50)为6.48～10.71倍;津南区、河西区、东丽区、北辰区对高效氯氰菊酯的KT_(50)均>120.00min,RR_(50)均>20倍。南开区、津南区、河西区、东丽区、北辰区德国小蠊现场种群对氯菊酯的KT_(50)均>120.00 min,RR_(50)均>20倍;西青区德国小蠊现场种群对氯菊酯的KT_(50)为26.96 min,RR_(50)<5倍;塘沽区德国小蠊现场种群对氯菊酯的KT_(50)为14.10 min,RR_(50)<3倍。结论天津市在防治德国小蠊时应减少高效氯氰菊酯和氯菊酯的使用,可增加敌敌畏、乙酰甲胺磷等有机磷和残杀威等氨基甲酸酯类杀虫剂的使用;蜚蠊对杀虫剂的抗药性是防治中不能忽视的问题,应加强监测,了解抗性发生的程度和地域范围,采取相应的防治策略。

Objective To determine the current resistance of the Blattella germanica （L.） to commonly used pesticides in Tianjin, and provide evidence for better cockroaches control. Methods The residual film method recommended by WHO was applied to measure the median knockdown time （KTs0） for B. germanica. Batches of B. germanica were exposed to five insecticide residues （dichlorovos, acephate, propoxur, betacypermethrin and permethrin） in glass jars to determine their knockdown resistance levels. Resistance ratios were calculated as RR50= KT50 of the test strain/KTs0 of the susceptible strains. Results The KT50 for field-collected B. germanica in Nankai, Jinnan, Hexi, Tanggu, Dongli, Xiqing and Beichen were 6.15, 6.49, 8.37, 8.22, 7.84, 9.29 and 12.40 min to dichlorovos, 74.28, 65.36, 29.52, 30.23, 30.67, 58.64 and 33.08 min to acephate, and 24.97, 40.63, 27.17, 24.43, 40.73, 42.44 and 40.91 min to propoxur, respectively. The RR50 values for B. germanica of dichlorovos, acephate and propoxur were below 3. The KT50 to betacypermethrin for field populations in Nankai, Tanggu and Xiqing were 32.61, 36.50 and 51.00 min respectively, with the RRso ranging from 6.48 to 10.71 times. The values for Jinnan, Hexi, Dongli and Beichen were all greater than 120.00 min, with the RR50 greater than 20. The KT50 to permethrin for field populations in Nankai, Jinnan, Hexi, Dongli and Beichen were all above 120.00 min, with the RR50 greater than 20. However, the KT50 value for Xiqing strains was 26.96 min, with the RR50 lower than 5, and the value for Tanggu population was 14.10 min, with the RR50 lower than 3. Conclusion B. germanica control in Tianjin requires reduced administration of betacypermethrin and permethrin along with increased carbamates such as propoxur and organophosphorus pesticides such as dichlorovos and acephate.