乏催化剂综合回收工艺现状与展望

THE DEVELOPMENT AND PROSPECTS FOR COMPREHENSIVE UTILIZATION OF SPENT CATALYST

借助试验研究,对国内外从乏催化剂中回收有价金属的湿法工艺研究现状进行了整理,提出了未来的发展方向。作者归纳的回收工艺主要包括溶液浸取、熔融浸取、亚熔融浸取以及交变电场浸取等;对各自的浸取原理、工艺参数、分离性能以及经济性能等进行了分析。结果表明,按照科学发展观,为了实现环境保护、资源循环利用,综合回收以及科学发展等目标,回收乏催化剂应考虑的三项原则包括:第一,继续推进亚熔融浸取工艺的发展。它在节能、环保、低碳以及可持续发展等方面,均优于溶液浸取以及熔融浸取工艺;第二,积极推进交变电场浸取的实际应用,扩展各种电场浸取工艺研究,其中包括直流电场、交变电场、交直流叠加电场以及高压脉冲电场浸取等,努力实现电能向化学能的直接转化,开发节能与环保型湿法冶金新工艺;第三,努力推进液-液萃取分离工艺的实际应用。它在自动化操作、远程控制性能、分离性能以及适应性等方面不仅优于沉淀法,也优于离子交换树脂法。

The processes of recycling metals resource from spent catalysts were gathered and compiled.Results have shown that the sub-molten leaching method could be the most advanced method compared with the solution leaching method and molten leaching method.It depends on the several factors such as spent catalysts cost,transport cost,environment cost as well as process cost.The electric field leaching method of sub-molten leaching metod must be advanced and be used as possible.And the separation method of metal element by liquid-liquid extraction must be applied as possible.