山东曲阜孔林近地面蜘蛛的群落结构

Study on Community Structure of Subaerial Spiders in the Confucius Cemetery

调查研究了春、夏、秋、冬四季山东曲阜孔林内地面蜘蛛的群落结构及种群动态变化.笔者使用扣网共采集到蜘蛛标本1862只,经鉴定发现共有蜘蛛38种,隶属于2亚目14科30属;其中,4种为山东省新记录种.孔林近地面蜘蛛种群数量的季节动态为:秋季>春季>夏季>冬季,其中,皿蛛科、球蛛科和园蛛科蜘蛛的数量最多.孔林近地面蜘蛛群落结构的优势种为黑侏儒蛛、草间钻头蛛、阴沟瘤蛛、鞍形花蟹蛛和叉斑齿螯蛛.孔林近地面蜘蛛群落结构特征及多样性在不同季节存在明显差异.

We investigated the subaerial spider species and community structure of the four seasons of the year in Confucius cemetery, Qufu of Shandong province, totally 1862 spider specimens were collected by using net-covering method, and results showed 38 species belonging to 2 suborders, 14 families and 30 genera. Among which, there are 4 specie are newly recorded from Shandong province. Seasonal dynamic of the subaerial spiders＇ population was as follows： Autumn 〉 Spring 〉 Summer 〉 Winter; among the total number, abundance of Linyphiidae, Theridiidae and Araneidae are relatively high. The dominant species are Meioneta nigra, Hylyphantes graminicola, Ummeliata feminea, Xysticus ephippiatus and Enoplognatha japonica. Characteristic of the community structure and diversity of subaerial spiders showed significant difference in different seasons.