施用有机无机复混肥对太湖平原乌泥土稻麦生长的影响

Effect of organic-inorganic compound fertilizers on the growth of rice and wheat in South Jiangsu

通过长期定位试验,于2009至2010年在苏南地区稻麦轮作体系下,研究以菜粕堆肥、猪粪堆肥和中药渣堆肥为原料的有机无机复混肥及无机肥对水稻和小麦产量、不同时期功能叶叶绿素含量(SPAD值)和氮素利用率的影响。结果表明:各施肥处理的水稻和小麦产量均显著高于不施氮肥处理,其中以菜粕堆肥、猪粪堆肥和中药渣堆肥为原料的有机无机复混肥处理的水稻产量分别比无机肥处理的水稻产量增加9.5%、16.2%和17.4%;3种有机无机复混肥处理的小麦产量显著高于无机肥处理(4 146.1 kg.hm-2),增产率为16.2%～20.3%。在水稻季和小麦季,3种有机无机复混肥处理的不同时期功能叶SPAD值及氮素利用率均不同程度高于无机肥处理或与无机肥处理持平。以中药渣堆肥为原料的有机无机复混肥处理,在稻麦轮作体系下能够获得比单施无机肥处理更高的小麦和水稻产量、功能叶SPAD值及氮素利用率。

A long-term field experiment was carried out to investigate the effects of three kinds of organic-inorganic compound fertilizers（rapeseed cake compost plus inorganic fertilizers（RCC）,pig manure compost plus inorganic fertilizer（PMC）,Chinese medicine residue plus inorganic fertilizer（CMC））on yields,different periods of functional leaves chlorophyll content（SPAD values）and nitrogen use efficiency（NUE）of wheat and rice under rice-wheat rotation system in 2009-2010.The results showed that the yield of all treatments was significantly higher than the control（no nitrogen application）.The rice yields were 9.5%,16.2% and 17.4% higher than the chemical fertilizer（CF,7 588.9 kg·hm-2）in the treatments of RCC,PMC and CMC,respectively.While the wheat yield（4 818.8-4 987.5 kg·hm-2）was significantly higher than that（4 146.1 kg·hm-2）of CF,with an increment of 16.2%-20.3%.Both in the rice and wheat seasons,the different periods of functional leaves SPAD values and NUE of organic-inorganic compound fertilizer treatments were all in varying degrees higher than the CF or the same.When treated with CMC,the higher functional leaves SPAD values,yields and NUE which were higher than that of CF could be obtained in rice-wheat rotation system.