凤眼莲有性繁殖与种子结构及其活力研究

Research on sexual reproduction,seed structure and its vigor of Eichhornia crassipes

为了探讨凤眼莲(Eichhornia crassipes)种子扩散潜在的生态风险,开展了滇池大水面凤眼莲有性繁殖和种子结构及其活力的研究。结果表明:滇池外海白山湾水域凤眼莲克隆繁殖能力较弱,大面积开花可进行有性繁殖,但结实率极低,约为5%～10%。凤眼莲种子极其微小,千粒质量仅为(0.429±0.009)g。肉眼观察其表观性状,成熟的种子呈黄褐色,状似枣核;以扫描电镜观察其种胚结构,为单胚种子,状如骨头,外包胚乳和种皮。87%～95%的饱满种子具有生活力。

Sexual reproduction,seed structure and its vigor of Eichhornia crassipes in Dianchi Lake were investigated in order to determine whether its seeds dispersion would initiate ecological risk.The results showed that E.crassipes preferred sexual reproduction by blossom with the ability of clonal propagation decreasing in Waihai Baishan Bay waters of Dianchi Lake,but the seed setting rate was very low,about 5%-10%.The seeds of E.crassipes were extremely small and the thousand seed weight was only（0.429±0.009）g.Observed with an unaided eye,the ripe seeds were of yellowish-brown color and shaped like common jujube seeds.Observed with scanning electric microscope（SEM）,single embryo was shaped like bone which was surrounded by endosperm and spermoderm.Test results of seed vigor showed that 87%-95% of full seeds had a viability.