不同水肥管理对土壤生态及番茄生长的影响

Effects of Water/Fertilizer Treatments on Soil Ecology Environment and Tomato Growth in Greenhouse

试验研究了日光温室条件下水肥一体化、秸秆还田、土壤调理剂对土壤微生物种群结构、化学性状以及番茄植株生长状况和产量的影响,结果表明:(1)水肥一体化处理的微生物总数和细菌数低于膜下沟灌处理,但细菌与真菌的比值(B/F)较高;水肥一体化条件下,秸秆提高了真菌、放线菌的菌数,降低了B/F值;土壤调理剂增加了放线菌数,减少了真菌数,提高了B/F值。(2)水肥一体化、秸秆、土壤调理剂均减缓了土壤的酸化,水肥一体化减少了盐分在土壤表层的累积并且显著地降低了硝态氮在土壤剖面的残留和累积。(3)水肥一体化抑制了番茄植株前期的过快生长,但后期的促进作用比较明显,水肥一体化农民习惯施肥处理(FG+M)比膜下沟灌农民习惯施肥处理(FP+M)增产21.90%,水肥一体化处理的水分生产力、氮肥偏生产力和经济效益均高于膜下沟灌处理,有机肥减半后,水分生产力有所下降,且大大提高了氮肥偏生产力,但对经济效益没有影响。

The experiment under the condition of the greenhouse, studied the effect of fertigation, straw counters-field and soil conditioner on the structure of microbial population, chemical property, tomato growth and yields. The results showed that： （ 1 ） The microorganism and the total number of bacterium under fertigation were lower than in furrow irrigation under membrane, but the bacteria and fungi ratios （B/F） was higher. In conditioners of fertigation, application of straw increased the total number of fungus and actinomycetes, but it reduced the bacteria and fungi ratios （B/F）, the soil conditioner increased the actinomycetes and the bacteria and fungi ratios （B/F）, but it reduced the total number of fungus; （2） Soil acidification was mitigated by Fertigation, the straw or soil conditioners. Fertigation also decreased the salt accumulation in the surface soil and reduced the NO3--N residual in the soil profile; （3） The too fast growth of tomatoes would be inhibit by fertigation at earlier stage, but the promotion of growth was quite obvious at later stage. Compared with FP ＋ M, tomato＇s yield of FG ＋ M was increased by 21.90%. In fertigation water productivity, N partial factor production and economic benefit was higher than in furrow irrigation under membrane treatment. But using the half of organic fertilizer, had no effect on the economic benefit, and obviously improved N partial factor production.