汽车装配工人工作相关肌肉骨骼损伤危险暴露水平及发病调查研究

Research on Exposure Risk Level and Occurrence of Musculoskeletal Disorders among Automobile Assembly Workers

[目的]评估汽车装配作业工人工作相关肌肉骨骼损伤(work-related musculoskeletal disorders,WMSDs)危险暴露水平,探讨WMSDs暴露危险与损伤之间的关系。[方法]采用英国快速暴露检查表(QEC)和北欧标准化肌肉骨骼症状调查问卷(NMQ)对1 465名北方某汽车制造厂装配作业工人一般情况、暴露水平、WMSDs发生等情况进行流行病学调查。[结果]多数工人颈、背和肩(臂)3个部位的WMSDs处于高或极高暴露水平,不同工段作业工人风险暴露水平有差异。颈、背、肩(臂)和手(腕)4个部位WMSDs的发生率范围为4.98%～9.69%,WMSDs的发生率有随暴露水平的增加而增加的趋势。[结论]汽车装配作业工人存在WMSDs发生的暴露风险,不同身体部位和不同工段其暴露风险各有不同,颈、背、肩(臂)和手(腕)4个部位存在暴露水平-反应关系。

[ Objective ] To evaluate the exposure risk level of work-related musculoskeletal disorders （WMSDs） among automobile assembly workers and explore its relationship with occurrence. [ Methods ] British Quick Exposure Check （QEC） and Nordic Musculoskeletal Questionnaire （NMQ） were used to conduct an epidemiology survey on general condition, level of exposure ri.sk, WMSDs occurrence and others among 1465 assembly workers in an automobile factory in north China. [ Results ] The exposure levels of WMSDs at the body parts of neck, back, shoulder/arm, and hand/wrist of most workers were high or very high, and there were differences of exposure levels between the workers in different sections. The incidence of WMSDs at the four parts of neck, back, shoulder/arm, and hand/wrist ranged from 4.98% to 9.69%, and increased with the increasing level of exposure risk. [ Conclusion ] WMSDs exposure risk exists in the automobile assembly workers and varies with body part and working section. An exposure-response relationship is observed at the four parts of neck, back, shoulder/arm, and hand/wrist.