职业紧张对不同职业人群抑郁症状的影响

A Cross Sectional Study on Occupational Stress and Depressive Symptoms among Employees with Different Occupation

[目的]探讨职业紧张对不同职业人群抑郁症状的影响。[方法]采用横断面研究方法,调查上海市某区职业人群2 458名,年龄为20～63岁。工作紧张评估采用中文工作内容问卷(C-JCQ)与中文工作付出-回报(C-ERI)问卷,同时调查社会人口特征与个体生活行为因素,抑郁症状使用流行病学研究抑郁量表(CES-D)。采用多因素非条件logistic回归分析社会人口特征与职业紧张因素对抑郁症状的影响。[结果]抑郁评估均分为(16.1±7.2)分,抑郁症状阳性率为44.0%。社会人口与行为特征因素中,职务、受教育程度、工作时间、吸烟与抑郁症状有统计学关联。职业紧张评估变量中,高工作紧张、低工作控制、低社会支持、高工作付出-回报不平衡、高内在驱动是抑郁症状的危险因素。[结论]社会人口特征与职业紧张因素均可能增加职业人群抑郁症状的风险。

[ Objective ] To explore the relation between occupational stress and symptoms of depression in different occupational population. [ Methods ] This cross-sectional study included 2458 working population, aging 20-63, in a district of Shanghai. The Chinese version of Karasek＇s Job Content Questionnaire （c-JCQ） and the Chinese version of Siegrist＇s Effort-Reward Imbalance Questionnaire （C-ERI） were used to measure job strain, and the Chinese version of Center for Epidemiological Survey Depression Scale （CES-D） was used to assess depressive symptoms. Sociodemographic characteristics and individual life behaviors were also investigated. Logistic regression analysis was used to determine the associations between depressive symptoms and occupational stress factors. [ Results ] The average CES-D score reached 16.1 ± 7.2 and the prevalence of depressive symptoms was 44.0% of the occupational population enrolled. Education level, job position, working time, and smoking were related with depressive symptoms. High job strain, low job control, low social support, high over-commitment, and high effort-reward imbalance were risk factors for depressive symptoms. [ Conclusion ] Demographic characteristics and work stressors could increase the risk of developing depressive symptoms among working populations.