上海市某社区3～6岁儿童饮食行为调查分析

A Survey and Analysis on Dietary Behavior of Children Aged 3-6 in a Community of Shanghai

[目的]了解上海市某社区3～6岁儿童的饮食行为及其父母对儿童饮食行为的影响,为制定有效的干预措施提供科学依据。[方法]采用整群抽样方法,抽取闵行区某幼儿园254名儿童家长进行问卷调查,回收合格问卷248份,收集儿童饮食行为及影响因素的信息。[结果]36.3%(90/248)的儿童饮食行为习惯差,4.8%(12/248)的儿童不能坚持每天吃早餐;不良饮食行为占前3位的为喜欢吃零食(76.6%)、不专心吃饭(62.1%)和挑食(48.0%);38.7%(96/248)的儿童早餐质量较差,早餐食物品种单调,以传统的谷类食物为主,富含优质蛋白质的食物食用频率偏低;儿童饮食行为习惯得分与父亲母亲均呈正相关(r=0.262,r=0.309;P均<0.01)。[结论]该社区3～6岁儿童早餐质量总体水平不高,1/3以上儿童饮食行为习惯差。家长的饮食行为和认识直接影响儿童饮食习惯的形成,因此培养儿童健康的饮食习惯,重点应加强对父母的营养教育。

[ Objective ] To understand the dietary behavior of children aged 3-6 years old and the relevant family factors to provide scientific basis for developing effective intervention programs. [ Methods ] A total of 254 parents of kindergarten children in Minhang district were selected by random cluster sampling, and the information of dietary behavior issues and influencing factors was collected through questionnaire, with 248 questionnaires available. [ Results ] According to the questionnaire, 36.3% of the children （90/248） rendered problematic dietary habits, 4.8% of them （12/248） did not have breakfast every morning, and the top three unhealthy dietary habits were eating snacks （76.6%）, being half-hearted during meals （62.1%）, and picky eating （48.0%）. In addition, 38.7% of them （96/248） took breakfast in poor quality. They mostly consumed traditional cereals for break fast instead of food with high quality protein. There was a significant positive correlation between children＇s dietary habits and parents＇（r = 0.262, r = 0.309; P〈0.01）. [ Conclusion ] Among the children aged 3-6 years old in this community, the overall quality of breakfast was not high, and more than 1/3 of them rendered unhealthy eating habits. The direct factor influencing children＇s dietary habits is derived from their parents, so the education of dietary behavior delivered to parents is critical and need to be strengthened.