基于GIS和RS的湿地动态变化监测及驱动力分析——以黑河上游野牛沟河为例

The Dynamic Monitoring and Analysis on Driving Force of Wetland Based on GIS and RS —— Taking the Yeniugou River(Upstream of Heihe) as a Case

以黑河上游野牛沟河为研究区,利用1987年、2006年两个时相的Landsat-5TM数据,结合植被类型图、SRTM高程数据、1∶5万地形图等数据,获取了该区13类地物类型。利用ENVI软件提取湿地类型转移矩阵,分析了自1987年以来黑河上游野牛沟湿地的动态变化过程及其驱动力。结果显示:该区湿地总面积从1987年的53000ha减少为2006年的51900ha,净减少量为1071.63ha,增减幅度较大。其中变化幅度最大的为沼泽湿地,减少1021.59ha,变化率为2.7%,其次为冰川湿地,减少50.04ha,变化率为0.67%。通过分析表明,在自然驱动力方面,气温升高和降水量减少使湿地面积趋于减少;人文驱动力方面,人口增长的压力与经济发展的需要,才是导致该区湿地减少的根本驱动力。

This paper takes the Yeniugou river as the research area which is in the upstream of Heihe.The 13 land types in the zone obtained by combining the year 1987 and 2006 Landsat-5 TM data,vegetation chart,DEM data and 1：50,000 topographic map etc.,and the dynamic process and driving force of wetland in Yeniugou river since the year 1987 analyzed by using the transfer matrix made through use of ENVI software.It shows that：the wetland area decreased from 53000 hm2 in 1987 to 51900 hm2 in 2006;net reduction was 1071.63hm2.Among them,the biggest change was the swamps,reduced to 1021.59hm2 whose rate was 2.7%,and the second biggest change was the area of glacier wetland which reduced to 50.04hm2 whose rate was 0.67%.Through the analysis it can be seen that the increasing temperature and decreasing precipitation make the wetland area tend to reduce as the natural driving force is concerned.As the human driving force is concerned,the pressure of population growth and economic development are the main driving forces,which leads the area of wetland to reduce.