黄海海雾天气气候特征及其成因分析

SYNOPTIC AND CLIMATIC CHARACTERISTICS OF YELLOW SEA FOG AND CAUSATION ANALYSIS

利用2002—2008年的地面观测资料、青岛小浮标站资料、海洋大气综合资料、NCEP再分析资料和卫星云图等资料,对黄海海雾的天气气候特征、环流型和相关的水文、气象因子进行分析研究。结果表明,黄海海雾呈现逐年递增的年际变化,且集中发生在春夏季,自南向北雾季逐渐推迟,发生频数增多;一日中主要出现在夜间至早晨。黄海海雾可归纳为冷锋型、高压后部型和均压场型三种天气类型。海雾是流入黄海的黑潮暖流分支与沿岸的冷水流相遇,在适宜的海温、气海温差、大气稳定度和风场等水文、气象条件下形成的,这些条件可为海雾发生、发展的预报提供一些参考依据。

Based on surface observations from 2002 to 2008,data from a Qingdao buoy,ocean-atmosphere integrated observations,NCEP reanalysis data and satellite data,the climate characteristics and circulation patterns of Yellow Sea fog as well as related hydrologic and meteorological factors are studied.Results show that the number of annual mean fog days has been increasing year by year.Most sea fog,mainly observed from midnight to next morning,happens in spring and summer and moves northward.There are three main synoptic patterns of Yellow Sea fog that are associated with the background of cold fronts,the rear portion of a high pressure or a uniform pressure field.The Yellow Sea fog forms when a warm branch of the Kuroshio encounters with a cold ocean current along the coast,together with some other hydrologic and meteorological conditions like moderate sea temperate,air-sea temperature difference and wind.All those factors provide some basis for forecasting of the formation and development of sea fog.