细胞重编程:调节关键基因获得需要细胞

Cell Reprogramming:Control Key Genes to Obtain Needed Cells

细胞重编程是在一定条件下成体细胞的记忆被擦除,重新程序化产生新的表型和功能,导致细胞命运发生改变,主要发生在不涉及基因组DNA序列改变的基因表达水平,即通过改变细胞基因表达程序(时空和差异),对其进行重新编程而改变细胞的分化方向,获得所需要的细胞。对于细胞重编程的深入研究有助于掌握机体细胞的发生发育机制,为解决再生医学种子细胞来源问题提供理论基础。人类未来将从许多分化的细胞获得更多所需要的另外一些分化细胞,这对细胞分化机制和疾病的细胞替代治疗研究具有划时代的意义,本文总结了细胞重编程的分类、影响因素、方法及最新进展。

Cell reprogramming is a progress in which the memory of a mature cell is erased and then the cell develops novel phenotype and function;ultimately,the fate of the cell changes.Cell reprogramming usually occurs at genes expression levels that no genomic DNA sequence change will be involved.By changing the programs of the genetic expressions of cells in terms of space and time,cell reprogramming alters the differentiation of cells and thus produces the required cells.Further research on cells reprogramming will elucidate the mechanisms that govern the cell development,and thus provides more information of the sources of seed cells used for regeneration medicine.More cells differentiated from many terminally differentiated cells will be obtained,which is extremely important for the understanding of molecular differentiation and for the development of cell replacement therapy.This article summarizes the classification,influencing factors,approaches and latest advances of cells reprogramming.