社会结构的实践演变模式--理解中国与国际体系互动的另一种思路

International Structuration in Practice:Two Mechanisms

关于中国与国际体系关系所涉及的学理问题,特别是结构与施动者如何互动进而推动国际体系演变的问题,现有研究只是侧重在对结构作用的分析上,忽视了结构的进程性以及这一动态演变过程的作用机制。通过转换研究视角,作者认为,从"自上而下"转向"自下而上"的视角,即从关注体系结构转向关注行为体和行为体的实践,突出了"实践"概念的本体地位。作为社会实践进程的国际体系结构演变,它受到惯习和危机这两种作用机制的影响,而这两种机制使得体系结构呈现出稳定中有变革、变革中有稳定的动态演变过程。在此期间,实践者发挥着巨大的能动作用。

Interaction between China and the international system has been a highlighted issue and drawing a great deal of attention all over the world.It has been approached from structural point of view and in a way of a conflicting pair of self and the other,which is the prevailing ontological perspective of IR studies.Contrary to it,the paper takes processual and 'bottom-up' approaches,putting agent and its practice at the center of research,focusing on the mechanisms functioning behind the international structural evolution.It aims to develop a social explanation of structural change based on a meta-concept 'practice',regarding structural change as a social process of practice.By emphasizing agent and its practice,the authors argue that dynamic structural change of international system is mainly driven by two mechanisms:practice with habitus and practice with crisis.The two makes social structuration in a pendulous way between stability and transformation,in which agent plays an essential role.Through such theoretical explanation of structural change,we can provide a different ontological way of thinking in terms of China's relationship with international system,which is dearly needed for having a better knowledge about China's rise in the world.