清华简与先秦《书》经传流

Tsinghua Bamboo Slips and the Spread of Shang Shu(《尚书》) in Pre-Qin Period

古文《尚书》真伪之争是学术史上最棘手、最难以解决的学术公案,而对先秦时期《尚书》传流的考察,是揭开古文《尚书》真伪之谜的前提与基础。清华简《保训》形制、字体与《尹至》、《金縢》等篇明显不同,因此《保训》并非是先秦《尚书》或《逸周书》的佚篇。清华简《金縢》篇"周武王有疾,周公所自以代王之志"不是篇题,而可能是《金縢》篇的序言。相传孔子编订《尚书》,《逸周书》为孔子删书之余,清华简中《尚书》与《逸周书》部分篇目并存,形制相同,清华简的时代断限是战国中晚期,郭店简《缁衣》也将《逸周书》与《尚书》并称为《书》经,《汉志》"《逸周书》为孔子删书之余"的主流说法并不成立。

The authenticity of Shang Shu（《尚书》,Book of History）written in classical literary style is the most difficult case in Chinese academic history.To explore the spread of Shang Shu in pre-Qin period can be helpful for solving this problem.Both the shape and style of calligraphy of Bao Xun（《保训》） are markedly different from Yin Zhi（《尹至》） and Jin Teng（《金縢》） on Tsinghua bamboo slips,therefore,it can be said that Bao Xun is not the lost article of Shang Shu or Yi Zhou Shu（《逸周书》） of pre-Qin Dynasty.＂King Wu of Zhou（周武王） was sick,Zhou Gong（周公） would die instead of Wu Wang＂ is not the title,but possibly the preface of Jin Teng.According to legend,Shang Shu was compiled by Confucius,and Yi Zhou Shu was the part deleted from Shang Shu.However,some table of contents of Shang Shu and Yi Zhou Shu on Tsinghua bamboo slips coexist and have the same shape.Considering the time limit of Tsinghua bamboo slips is middle and late Warring States,the mainstream statement in Han Zhi（《汉志》） that Yi Zhou Shu is the remainder of Shang Shu that deleted by Confucius is not tenable.