免耕播种机开沟防堵单元体设计与试验

Design and experiment on furrowing and anti-blocking unit for no-till planter

为了解决华北一年两熟区玉米秸秆覆盖地免耕播种小麦存在的秸秆覆盖量大,开沟困难,机具堵塞、功耗大等问题,该文设计了一种伸缩拨杆式开沟防堵单元体。通过正交试验和结构分析相结合的方式,确定了开沟防堵单元体的主要参数,并在玉米秸秆覆盖地进行了田间试验。试验结果表明,伸缩拨杆式开沟防堵单元体开沟能力强,防堵效果好,能够创造良好的种床,改善作业质量;与带状旋耕式开沟防堵装置相比,表层土壤扰动量减少了21.5%;在开沟深度10 cm左右时,单位面积油耗量降低了23.65%,能够减少拖拉机动力消耗。该研究对免耕播种机的推广应用具有重要意义。

In order to solve the problems of residue blocking and difficulty to open the furrow of no-till wheat planter in heavy corn residue cover fields in annual double cropping areas of the North China,a telescopic lever furrowing and anti-blocking unit was designed for no-till planter.Its key parameters were determined based on a band between orthogonal test and the structure analysis,and a telescopic lever furrowing and anti-blocking unit was used to conduct the field experiment.The field experiment showed that the telescopic lever furrowing and anti-blocking unit could solve the problem of straw blocking effectively and improve the seeding quality.Compared with the strip rotary-tilling anti-blocking unit,the telescopic lever furrowing and anti-blocking unit could reduce topsoil disturbance quantity by 21.5%;fuel consumption per unit area was reduced by 23.65% when the depth of furrow opening was 10cm,which could reduce power consumption of tractor.Above all,the telescopic lever furrowing and anti-blocking unit has important value in extending no-tillage planter.