我国引航法律制度研究

Research about the Pilotage Legal System Of China

引航,旧称引水、领港、领江,是指在一定的引航区域内(港口或内河),专门性的从业人员(即引航员)登上船舶,为船舶指引航向,把船舶安全地引进、带出港口或在港内移泊。引航是一种资源,具有公益性和主权性。引航的目的不是为了盈利,而是提供公共服务。由于港口的航道条件构成了一个国家的天然屏障,事关一国的国防,因而按照国际惯例,引航员必须由本国人担任,并且对出入港口的外国籍船舶实行强制引航。这是一个国家引航权的体现,是国家主权的一部分。本文针对我国引航体制改革,结合国际相关立法,对我国引航法律制度所涉及引航管理体制模式、引航机构资质管理、引航员资质管理以及引航作业中法律责任加以研究。

Pilotage is defined that a pilot is on board a vessel and helps the master navigate the vessel to protect the vessel put in or put out a port safely. The pilotage is a kind of resource and it presents the sovereignty of the state. The goal of the pilotage is not for gainings, but it is for providing common service. Because a port is a national bar of a country, according to international rules, a pilot must be a citizen of the state. The pilotage is forcible for a foreign vessel. The thesis focuses on the system reformation on the pilotage of China. Coming together international relative legislation the writer proposes some advices on the pilotage legal system in China.