新生儿出生质量测评及影响因素的研究

Study on assessment of birth quality and effect factors of neonates

目的:综合评价新生儿的出生质量,并进一步分析新生儿出生质量的影响因素,为卫生保健部门有效开展妇幼卫生工作提供理论依据。方法:随机选取到潍坊市4家不同级别的医院分娩或就诊的新生儿为调查对象。自行设计调查表,由妇幼专业人员采用面对面访谈的形式获取资料。应用均数、标准差及构成比等指标对新生儿出生质量进行描述,用四格表χ2、R×C列表的χ2检验分析可能的影响因素。结果:460例新生儿的各项形态学指标均在正常值范围内;小于胎龄儿、适于胎龄儿和大于胎龄儿分别占9.78%、86.52%、3.70%。新生儿出生质量与新生儿基本特征、母亲因素及家族史三方面有关。影响新生儿出生质量的因素包括分娩方式、宫内生长发育情况、母亲异常孕产史、妊娠合并症或并发症、是否患病或感染病毒5个因素。结论:针对性开展妇幼保健工作有利于提高新生儿的出生质量。

Objective： To evaluate the birth quality of neonates comprehensively, further analyze the effect factors of birth quality of neonates, provide a theoretical basis for health care departments to carry out maternal and child health works. Methods： The neonates who were born in four hospitals at different levels in Weifang city were selected randomly as study objects. A self - designed questionnaire was used to obtain data in a way of face - to - face interview conducted by maternal and child health workers. The indexes including mean, standard deviation, and constituent ratio were used to describe the birth quality of neonates, χ2 test was used to analyze the probable effect factors. Results： The morphological indexes of 460 neonates were in normal range; the proportions of small for gestational age infants, appropriate for gestational age infants, and large for gestational age infants accounted for 9. 78%, 86. 52%, and 3.70%, respectively. The birth quality of neonates was related to general characteristics of neonates, maternal factor, and family history. The effect factors of birth quality of neonates included delivery modes, intrauterine growth and development, abnormal pregnant history of mothers, pregnant complications, falling ill and viral infection or not. Conclusion： Targeted work on maternal and child health should be carried out to improve the birth quality of neonates.