中国国家队男子足球运动员位置体能特征研究

Research on Characteristics of Position Physical Ability of China National Men's Football Players

足球运动员的体能特征既有其共性,又有其位置差异性。运用文献资料调研、专家访谈、体育测量、数理统计等方法从身体形态、身体机能以及运动素质3个方面对中国国家队男子足球运动员的位置体能特征进行了研究,结果表明,1)守门员的平均身高、体重和克托莱指数与其他位置运动员的相应指标具有非常显著性差异;后卫运动员的平均体重和克托莱指数均与前卫运动员具有显著性差异;2)守门员的平均最大摄氧量与后卫、前卫和前锋运动员具有显著性差异;前锋运动员的平均最大摄氧量与前卫运动员具有显著性差异。后卫和前锋运动员的平均通气无氧阈与前卫均具有显著性差异。前卫运动员的平均最大功量与守门员、后卫、前锋运动员具有显著性差异;守门员的平均功量与后卫、前卫运动员存在显著性差异;前卫运动员的平均功量与前锋运动员存在显著性差异;3)速度素质前锋运动员最好,其次是后卫和前卫运动员,守门员最差;下肢力量素质守门员最好,前锋运动员次之,后卫运动员和前卫运动员较差;耐力素质前卫最好,其次是后卫和前锋运动员,守门员最差;柔韧素质守门员最好,其次是后卫和前卫运动员,前锋运动员最差。结论:1)位置形态上呈现出的差异主要与运动员的选材有关;2)位置机能上呈现出的差异主要与他们在场上的位置角色有直接的关系;3)位置素质上呈现出的差别,主要与后天训练有较大的关系。

Characteristics of physical ability of football players have both its commonness and its position difference. Through using the methods of literature review, expert interview, sport measurement and data statistics, this paper makes a study on the characteristics of position physical ability of China national men＇s football players. The results indicate that ： 1 ） There is significant difference on average height, weight and quetlet index between goalkeepers and players at other positions. The average weight and quetlet index of back players has significant difference with midfielders. 2）There is significant difference on average VO2 max among goalkeepers, back players, midfielders and forward players, the average VO2 max of forward players has significant difference with midfielders. The average VO2 AT of back and forward players has significant difference with midfielders. The average of peak power of midfielders has significant difference with goalkeepers, back and forward players. The average of peak power of goalkeepers has significant difference with back players and midfielders. The average of peak power of midfielders has significant difference with forward players. 3） For speed quality, the forward players are the best, followed by the back players and the midfielders, the goalkeeper is the worst. For lower extremity strength quality, goalkeeper is the best, followed by forward players, the back players and the midfielders are poor. Endurance quality midfielders best, followed by the back and forward players, the goalkeeper is the worst. Flexible quality goalkeeper best, followed by the back players and midfielder, forward player is the worst. Major study concludes as follows： 1）The differences of body shape are mainly relevant to selection of ath letes. 2）The differences of body function are mainly relevant to position role of the players. 3） The differences of sports quality are mainly relevant to acquired training.