第14届世界游泳锦标赛出发技术研究

Study on Start Technique in 14^(th) FINA World Championship

采用现场研究、文献调查等方法对竞技游泳2种主要的出发技术进行研究。对第14届世界游泳锦标赛决赛运动员224人次的出发技术的分布比例进行了统计,对出发反应时(start reaction,SR)、出发15 m时间(start efficiency,SE)、800 m以下项目的成绩(Score,SC)等指标进行分析研究,同时梳理了近年来有关出发技术的研究文献数据。研究表明,蹲踞式出发技术(track start,TS)从10余年前不到40%的采用率增长到了2011年世界游泳锦标赛上的98%。蹲踞式出发技术在SR和SE上均比抓台式(grab start,GS)有优势。研究认为,抓台式技术将成为历史,所有运动员应掌握带有助推器的新型出发台的蹲踞式出发技术。

Objective：The purpose of this study was to investigate the two major start techniques in swimming competition through field research and literature review method. Method.. The percentages of each start technique employed by 224 person-time swimmers in 14th FINA World Championship final match were surveyed. The start reaction （SR）, the time on the 15m mark （start efficiency, SE）, and score （SC） of all items （except 1 500 m） were analyzed. Meanwhile, the literatures related to swimming start technique in recent years were combed. Results： The percentage of track start （TS） technique employed by elite swimmers was increased from less than 40% a decade ago to 98% in the 14th FINA World Championship （2011）. TS technique is superior to the grab start （GS）. Conclusions.. The GS technique would become a history and swimmers should master TS technique to acclimatize themselves to the appearance of the new platform with a booster.