刑事诉讼中精神病鉴定启动程序改革的实证分析

Reforming the Initiation Procedure of Evaluating Mental Illness in Criminal Action——With the perspective of positive analysis

实践调查证明,当事人启动模式并非解决当前精神病鉴定启动程序中存在问题的直接药方。其现实路径是在现有专门机关启动的模式基础上加以适当的改革:一是在死刑案件中,建议实行准强制鉴定;二是对于普通刑事案件,保留并完善现行的公安司法机关委托鉴定模式,暂不赋予当事人初次委托鉴定的权利;三是应当明确规定公安司法机关决定是否启动精神病鉴定的标准和证明责任。

The practical investigation shows that litigant＇s initiation is not the immediate cure for problems in the initiation procedure of evaluating mental illness. In actual conditions, it means a kind of reform on the basis of existing organ＇s initiation. Firstly, in death sentence cases, the quasi-compelled evaluation should be recommended; secondly, in common criminal cases, we maintain and improve the pattern that the existing public security organs and judicial organs entrust the evaluation and the litigant has no right for the first-time evaluation trust; thirdly, the standard and proving responsibilities should be defined for whether public security organs and judicial organs should start the evaluation of mental illness.