我国大陆地区六部地方性精神卫生条例内容的评估

Assessment of contents of local mental health laws in China's Mainland

目的:了解我国大陆地区地方性精神卫生条例在内容上的不足,为精神卫生立法提供建议.方法:采用专题讨论的方法,对我国大陆地区六部地方精神卫生条例按照爯世界卫生组织有关精神卫生立法的检查清单爲进行评价.结果:按照世界卫生组织立法检查清单,六部地方性精神卫生条例彼此之间相差不大,六部地方性精神卫生条例在自愿入院、自愿治疗、非自愿入院、非自愿治疗、社区中的非自愿治疗、特殊治疗、监督调查机制、犯罪的精神障碍患者的处理、保护弱势群体、保护精神障碍患者的就业、住房权利、社会保障等方面的具体规定较少.结论:我国精神卫生立法需要在对非自愿就医的标准、批准机构、复核机构、实施步骤、期限等方面做出明确的规定;需要规定切实可行的审查、监督机制及司法救济途径;需要对精神障碍患者的就业、住房权利和社会保障制订具体的规定或实施细则.

Objective： To find the defects in local mental health regulations announced in recent years in China's Mainland and provide recommendations for mental health legislation. Methods： Using a five-point scale for each dimension, the contents of the six local mental health regulations were assessed based on the World Health Organization on Mental Health Legislation Checklist by a group of researchers collectively. Results： Within the six local mental health regulations evaluated, there were no significant differences. Compared with the World Health Organization on Mental Health Legislation Checklist, these regulations are significantly lack of emphases on voluntary admission, voluntary treatment, involuntary hospitalization, involuntary treatment, involuntary treatment in the community, special treatment, mechanisms to supervise the investigation of criminal treatment of mental disorders, protec tion of vulnerable groups, protection of mental disorders in employment, housing, and social security, etc. Conclusion： China＇s mental health legislation need to clearly define the procedures and time limitation for involuntary admission and treatments, clearly define feasible mechanism and routines of review, supervision and judicial remedies, and clearly define provisions or implementation details on employment and social security, housing fights of people with mental disorders.