广州市城乡居民的心理健康知识知晓率及对精神疾病的态度

Knowledge about mental health and attitude to mental disorder in urban and rural residents in Guangzhou

目的:了解广州市城乡居民心理健康知识现状及对精神疾病的态度。方法:采用分层整群随机抽样方法,于2010年9月-11月间抽取广州市1023位15岁及以上城市居民和1089位农村居民,采用心理健康知识知晓率问卷和对精神疾病态度问卷进行调查,实际调查市民878名,农民800名。比较市民与农民样本的心理健康知识知晓率及对精神疾病的态度,分析问卷得分的相关因素。结果:本次调查中,市民样本心理健康知识回答正确率为64.1%,农民样本为60.2%。市民样本知识问卷的答题正确率及得分高于农民样本(均P<0.01),态度问卷的得分低于农民样本(P>0.01)。总样本教育年限、职业和态度问卷得分与知识问卷得分相关;教育年限长、职业为专业技术人员者知识问卷得分高(β=0.17、0.12,均P<0.001);职业为无业、态度问卷得分高者知识问卷得分低(β=-0.06、-0.09,均P<0.01)。教育年限、职业和知识问卷得分与态度问卷得分相关,教育年限长,职业为农民、学生或家庭妇女者态度问卷得分高(β=0.06、0.24、0.09,均P<0.05),职业为工人、知识问卷得分高者态度问卷得分低(β=-0.07、-0.09,均P<0.01)。结论:广州市城乡居民心理健康知识知晓率均达到国家精神卫生规划的要求。城乡居民心理健康知识的知晓率存在差异,城市略高于农村;与城市居民相比,农村居民对精神疾病的态度更包容。

Objective： To understand the status of mental health awareness attitude to mental disorder in urban and rural residents in Guangzhou. Methods： By stratified cluster randomization method, 1023 urban residents and 1089 rural residents aged ≥ 15 years were selected. Among them, 878 urban residents and 800 rural residents were investigated. They were investigated with the questionnaire about awareness of mental health and the questionnaire about attitude to mental illness. The data were compared between the urban and the rural sample. Results： In this study, the correct answer rates about awareness of mental health were 64. 1% and 60. 2 % in urban and rural sample respectively. The correct rates （64. 1% vs. 60. 2%, P 〈 0. 01） and total scores [ （ 12. 8 ± 3.2） vs. （ 12. 0 ± 2. 3）, P 〈 0. 01 ] of awareness questionnaire were both higher in urban sample than in rural sample. The scores of attitude questionnaire were lower in urban sample than in rural sample [（34. 6 ±5.8） vs. （37.1 ±5.5）, P 〈0. 01].The score of awareness questionnaire was correlated with the education years, occupation and scores of attitude questionnaire. The residents with longer education years and who were professionals had higher scores of awareness questionnaire （β = 0. 17, 0. 12, Ps 〈 0. 01）, and those who were unemployed and having higher scores of attitude questionnaire had lower scores of awareness questionnaire （/3 = - 0. 06, - 0.09; Ps 〈 0. 01）. The residents with longer education years and who were peasants, students or housewives had higher scores of attitude questionnaire （β = 0.06, 0. 24, 0.09; Ps 〈0. 05）, and those who were worker and having higher scores of awareness questionnaire had lower scores of attitude questionnaire （β = - 0.07, - 0.09; Ps 〈 0.05）. Conclusion： The results suggest that the awareness rate of mental health in urban and rural residents both meet the standard of national mental health program. The awareness rate of mental health may be higher in urban residents than in rural residents. And the rural residents may have more tolerant and positive attitude to mental illness than urban residents.