我国粮食市场价格波动及应对措施——基于物流成本的视角

Price Fluctuation Observing of Domestic Grain Market and the Countermeasures Based on the View of Logistic Cost

造成我国粮价波动的影响因素很多,包括国际粮食市场环境、国家粮食政策、国内粮食产量、粮食生产和流通成本等。在粮食行业中,物流成本的"效益背反"存在于企业物流活动的方方面面,如物流成本与服务水平"效益背反"、物流各功能之间(运输、储存、包装、装卸等)"效益背反"、全社会物流资源"效益背反"。针对目前我国粮食物流成本占粮食销售价格比重过大且一直居高不下的情况,必须制订科学合理的方案,对我国粮食仓储节点布局和粮食物流过程进行优化,通过信息共享平台削弱粮食供应链中的"牛鞭效应",整合资源降低"效益背反"对粮食物流成本的负面影响,积极推广第三方粮食物流外包,完善基础性建设,以稳定粮食市场价格波动。

There are many influencing factors that cause the price fluctuation of grain market,including the condition of international grain market,the state policy of grain,the grain output and the production and logistic cost,etc.In the grain industry,there is the profit antinomy of logistic cost involved in logistic enterprises＇ activities,such as the ＂profit antinomy＂ between the logistic cost and the level of service,the ＂profit antinomy＂ among the different functions of logistics,such as transportation,storage,package and loading and unloading,and the ＂profit antinomy＂ of social logistic resources.Concerning the high cost of China＇s grain logistics and the high proportion of logistic cost in grain price,we should formulate the scientific and rational plan,optimize the arrangement of food storage nodes,optimize the food logistic process,weaken the ＂bullwhip effect＂ in grain supply chain,integrate resources to reduce the negative effect of ＂profit antinomy＂ on food logistic cost,promote the logistic service outsourcing,and improve the construction of infrastructure to reduce the price fluctuation.