人力资本与大学生就业——基于2010年对北京18所高校毕业生的调查

Human Capital and Graduates' Employment——Based on Survey of 18 Universities Located in Beijing in 2010

综合素质作为人力资本的核心体现,总体上不能提高就业概率,就业意愿和就业行为有助于展示人力资本价值,可提高就业率。与2008年相比,2010年综合素质和就业行为对大学生就业的作用减弱,就业意愿的作用增强,在一定程度上支持了"读书无用论"的观点,这会打击人力资本投资的热情,导致"弃考"、"弃学"现象,并最终影响国民素质的提高和经济的可持续发展。因此,要高度重视大学生就业问题。首先,要完善大学生就业机制,促进高素质人才顺利就业。打破体制性分割,建立全国统一的劳动力市场体系,提高社会保障的统筹层次,并加强就业服务与指导,减少交易成本,促进双方匹配。其次,要加强市场监管,规范信息发布、面试、录用等环节,确保透明、公开、公平,让拥有真才实学的优秀大学生脱颖而出。再次,要从创业教育、创业指导、创业资金等方面扶持更多的大学生创业,开辟一条"增量型"就业之路。

Comprehensive quality can not improve employment rate,thought it is the core of human capital.The employment intention and behavior can demonstrate the value of human capital and improve the employment rate.Compared with the year 2008,the impact of comprehensive quality and employment behavior on graduates＇ employment in 2010 weakened,while the impact of employment intention enhanced,which gave a support for the view of ＂study useless＂.And this will eventually impose a negative effect on the improvement of national quality and economic sustainable development.So,we should pay more attention to the problem of graduates＇ employment.First,we should improve the mechanism of graduates＇ employment,break the institutional segmentation,establish a unified labor market system,improve the level of social security,strengthen guidance,reduce the cost of transaction and promote the matching of demand and supply.Second,we should strengthen market supervision,and guarantee the transparency,openness and fairness in this market.And third,we should give more support to college students in establishing their own business in terms of education,guidance and capital.