从物理行为到言语行为：嘱咐类动词的产生

From physical acts to speech acts:The origin of the verbs with the meaning of 'exhort'

本文考察"属、付嘱、嘱付、分付、交代"等嘱咐类动词的产生过程,这些动词在不同时代从表示物理行为演变为表示言语行为。汉语史上反复出现的这种词义演变是导管隐喻、重新分析和诱导推理在相应的句法、语用条件下共同作用所致。本文以嘱咐类动词的产生为例,讨论了以下两个问题:1)为什么不少词义演变从起点和终点看是隐喻,演变过程中却看不到隐喻作用?2)同在隐喻作用下,为什么有的词义演变得以实现,甚至跨越范畴产生新词,有的却不能?

This paper discusses the evolution of speech act verbs(SAV) such as zhu(属),fuzhu(付嘱),zhufu(嘱付),fenfu(分付),and jiaodai(交代),derived from physical act verbs in different times in Chinese.It finds that this frequently occurred semantic change is driven by conduit metaphor,reanalysis and invited inference under certain syntactic and pragmatic conditions.The following two issues are discussed:1) Why some semantic changes motivated by metaphoric inference can be observed at the beginning and the final points of the change,but not in the course;2) Why the semantic change occurred on some words but not the others.