北京市社区老年人跌倒发生现况及危险因素分析

Analysis of falls and related risk factors among the elderly in communities of Beijing City

目的了解北京市社区老年人跌倒的发生特点与规律,并对造成跌倒发生的危险因素进行分析,为进一步开展老年人跌倒的预防工作提供依据。方法本次调查覆盖北京市某街道所辖的12个社区,在每个社区内符合条件的60岁及以上老年人中,采用系统抽样方法分别抽取100名老年人进行入户调查。结果在被调查的老年人中,1年内共有169位老年人发生过258次跌倒,跌倒发生率为15.6%,其中男性跌倒发生率为14.7%（96人次）,女性跌倒发生率为16.4%（162人次）;老年人跌倒大多发生在室内。不同性别的老年人跌倒发生地点的构成差异有统计学意义（χ2=8.05,P=0.045）;社区老年人跌倒损伤部位以四肢最多见,其次为躯干和头面部,导致内脏损伤较少见,只有5人,不同性别的老年人跌伤部位的构成差异有统计学意义（χ2=7.99,P=0.046）;年龄高（OR=2.395,95%CI：1.902~3.001）、担心跌伤（OR=1.433,95%CI：1.120~1.833）、家庭不和睦（OR=1.238,95%CI：1.047~2.049）为社区老年人跌倒的危险因素。结论北京市社区老年人跌倒发生率较高,严重威胁着老年人的身心健康。

Objective To learn the pattern and characteristics of falls in senior citizens in community,explore the related risk factors and provide guidance for the elderly and decision-maker on fall prevention and intervention.Methods The survey covered all the 12 communities,within each community,100 elderly people who meet the requirements of over 60 years old were surveyed by systematic sampling method.Results The one-year incidence rate of falls among the elderly was 15.6%.It was higher in women（16.4%） than in men（14.7%）.The indoor was the most common place where falls happened,there were significant difference in fall site between men and women（χ2=8.05,P=0.045）.Most elderly citizens had limbs injury,followed by the trunk and head-face parts.Only 5 persons had visceral injury,there were significant difference in injury parts between men and women（χ2=7.99,P=0.046）.According to our results,the risk factors of falls were advanced age（OR=2.395,95% CI：1.902～3.001）,fear of falls（OR=1.433,95% CI：1.120～1.833） and disharmony family（OR=1.238,95% CI：1.047～2.049）.Conclusions The incidence rate of falls among the elderly in Beijing urban communities is high,which causes serious consequences in their physical and psychological health.