清末留日学生与地方督抚间的政治博弈——以留日陆军士官生为中心

Political game between students studying in Japan and local governors in Late Qing Dynasty——to the center of the Army Sergeant Students studying in Japan

甲午战争之后以张之洞为代表的地方督抚将强兵与教育当作富国图强的第一要务。基于人才匮乏,选择向日本派遣留学生,试图借助日本的教育资源作为解决瓶颈的捷径;事与愿违的是留日学生迅速觉醒,他们种种"反叛"行径使督抚们的名誉声望和辖区统治受到严重挑战。为此,张之洞等采用加强行政管理、严格选送学生、强化政治思想监控、参与制定留学生的考核办法和恩威并重等策略与留日学生展开政治博弈,但是,学生们的革命思想日渐成熟,在满、汉矛盾加剧的政治环境下,在辛亥革命前夕,这场政治博弈胜负已经底定。

Zhang Zhi -dong was the important governor in Late Qing Dynasty. After the war in 1894, he would revive strong military and education as top priority. Based on lack of talent, he decided to send students to Japan. This action not only made many Hubei students study in Japan but also opened the prelude of the Qing Chinese studying Japan in large scale. Contrary to his goodwill, the students in Japan is productive quickly awaken, they became active revolutioners, their rebel acts let his polotical rule and reputation being seriously chanlenged, he made such policy hit the students as strengthening the administrative managent, strieting on selecting students, strengthening polotiacl and ideaological control and developing polocies and conway. This polotical game had result that Zhang Zhi -dong failed before the Revolution in 1911.