试论国民革命时期的店员群体

A Brief Review on the Group of Shop Assistants in the National Revolution Period

店员是国民革命时期颇具影响的一类职业群体,其组织经历了公所—工会(公会)—同业公会的演变过程。其生存状态决定了店员运动的首要诉求在于提高工资待遇,改善工作环境,限制店主辞退店员等经济要求。制度化管理模式规范了店员的工作、生活,店员逐渐成为有纪律、有组织的社会群体,在此基础上构建自身的职业与身份认同,但制度管理中存在人情的余绪。店员属于工人还是商人,应组织工会还是加入同业公会,以及店员工会的隶属关系等问题,在国民革命运动时期一直争议不断,但争议主要出自政党的"革命"需要,而不是店员的自身诉求。

During the period of the National Revolution,shop assistants are a very important professional group whose organization evolved from the Trade CCBA to the Trade Union and then to the Trade Association.Their living conditions determined that the primary requirement of the shop assistant's movements was economic demands,such as raising salary,improving working environment and restricting the dismissal of shop assistants.The systematic management mode standardized shop assistants' work and life,thus they gradually became a disciplined and organized social group and on this basis developed their profession and identity.However nepotism still existed inside the management system.Whether Shop assistants belonged to workers or merchants,whether they should organize the Trade Union or join the Trade Association,along with shop assistants affiliations remained disputable problems during the National Revolution.