海洋沉积物中重金属对底栖无脊椎动物的生物有效性

Bioavailability of marine sediment-bound heavy metals to benthic invertebrates:A review

海洋沉积物是重金属的重要贮库,而海洋底栖无脊椎动物主要从沉积物中摄取重金属,这些被摄取的重金属能够通过食物链进行传递,进而影响到人类健康。本文总结了近些年来在海洋沉积物中重金属对底栖无脊椎动物生物有效性方面的研究进展,包括海洋底栖无脊椎动物对重金属的吸收途径、沉积物地球化学性质和底栖无脊椎动物生理等生物因素对沉积物中重金属生物有效性的影响。在此基础上,展望了未来研究重点,主要包括近海富营养化对沉积物中重金属生物有效性的影响,海洋底栖无脊椎动物消化道中的物理消化过程对沉积物中重金属生物有效性的影响,海洋底栖无脊椎动物整个生活史过程中沉积物中重金属生物有效性的变化等。

Marine sediment is considered as the important sink for heavy metals, while benthic invertebrates can accumulate heavy metals mainly through sediment ingestion. The ingested heavy metals can be transferred through food chain and finally affect human health. This paper summarized the research advances on the bioavailability of marine sedimentary heavy metals to benthic invertebrates, including the uptake pathway for heavy metal assimilation and the sediment geochemical and biological factors of governing the bioavailability of heavy metals to benthic invertebrates. Further researches were suggested to focus on the influence of inshore eutrophication on the bioavailability of sediment-bound heavy metals, the physical digestion process in the gut of benthic invertebrates involved with the bioavailability of sediment-bound heavy metals, and the variations of sedimentary heavy metals bioavailability in the whole life history of marine benthic invertebrates.