环境规制对无锡市制造业结构优化与绩效的影响

Effects of environmental regulation on the structure optimization and performance of manufacturing industry in Wuxi City

环境规制已成为促进区域发展方式转变和经济可持续发展的重要驱动力.本文以无锡市太湖水危机事件为例,首先对水危机前后的环境规制政策和手段进行对比分析,其次结合现有理论研究,总结了环境规制对制造业产业结构优化和绩效影响的理论框架,最后在对环境规制强度进行定量评估和对影响产业绩效各要素分析的基础上对理论框架进行验证.环境规制强度的评价结果表明,水危机事件后,环境规制强度显著增加,政府、技术、市场及社会工具的环境规制强度均值在2007-2009年期间比2001-2006年期间分别增加了2.2、1.0、2.6、0.7倍,政府在加强行政管理的同时开始积极探索市场化治理的工具,但以政府规制为主的治理模式仍然没有改变.回归结果进一步表明环境规制通过影响企业准入和提高技术效率,实现产业结构的优化和生产效率的提高,抵消了环境规制对生产成本增加而产生的消极作用,但是创新仍没有成为产业绩效增加的最主要动力.本研究对探讨经济和环境可持续发展模式以及环境规制手段的合理运用具有重要的理论借鉴意义.

Environmental regulation has become one of the most important driving forces underlying sustainable development and the transformation of the pattern of economic development. The water pollution incident in Lake Taihu （ 2007 ）, called Lake Taihu Water Crisis, has provided a typical study case to reveal the relationship between environmental regulation and economic development. First, through the case study of Lake Taihu Water Crisis, this study compared the approaches and policies of environmental regulation before and after the Lake Taihu Water Crisis. Second, this study summarized the existing literature and developed a new theoretical framework focusing on the impacts of environmental regulation on the optimization and performance of manufacturing in- dustries. Finally, such a new framework was validated based on a quantitative assessment of the relative strengths of environmental regulation policies and an analysis of factors affecting industrial performance. The quantitative assessment of the strengths of envi- ronmental regulation policies showed that, after Lake Taihu Water Crisis, during 2007 -2009, the environmental regulation has been gradually stronger. The average strengths of government regulation, technological regulation, marketing regulation and social regulation during 2007 and 2009 increased by 2.2,1.0, 2.6, 0.7 times than the average strengths during 2001 - 2006. The government not only used administrative commands（government regulation）, but also tried to employ market-based regulation approa- ches on pollution control. However, the environmental regulation is still focused on the governmental regulation approach which hasnot been changed. Regression results showed that the environmental regulation manitested by the constrains of enterprises＇ entering in pollution sectors and the encouragement of high-efficiency technologies, has resulted in the optimization of manufacturing indus- tries and the productivity improvement in Wuxi, which also countered the negative impact of rising production costs brought by regulation. However, innovation is still not the main driving forces of industrial performance enhancement. This paper contributes to our understanding of the theories concerning the pattern of sustainable econonfic and environment-friendly development and the ap- plicability of different environmental regulation approaches.