基于生态适宜性分析的湖泊保护与利用——以湖北斧头湖为例

Lake conservation and utilization based on ecological suitability analysis:a case study of Lake Futou in Hubei Province

为了湖泊生态系统健康及湖泊资源的可持续利用,需要根据湖泊的具体情况加强对湖泊生态系统的管理.建立在生态适宜性分析基础上的湖泊生态功能分区,可为科学合理地开发湖泊资源、协调湖泊生态系统结构与功能提供依据.以湖北省斧头湖为对象,在对斧头湖生态环境调查基础上,选取具有代表性的水质、生物及人为干扰因子;根据《地表水环境质量标准》(GB3838-2002)确定水质评价等级,采用专家论证法确定生物及人为干扰因子评价等级,建立起湖泊生态养殖适宜性评价等级体系;采用主成分分析法确定评价因子权重,并在GIS技术的支持下,采用因子叠加法,对斧头湖生态养殖适宜性进行综合评价.根据各区域生态养殖适宜性综合评价结果,同时考虑到湖泊生态环境和综合资源保护要求、斧头湖自然生态系统功能和生态渔业的可持续发展,可将斧头湖划分为极适宜区、高度适宜区、中度适宜区、轻度适宜区和较不适宜区;各适宜区面积分别占斧头湖总面积的12.04%、24.81%、49.65%、9.58%和3.92%.从湖泊生态系统保护及渔业的可持续利用角度看,极适宜区、高度适宜区适合开展生态养殖;中度适宜区和轻度适宜区要以生态恢复为主,可进行一定规模的放养养殖;较不适宜区应进行生态修复,不适宜进行各种开发活动.

For the health of lake ecosystem and sustainable utilization of lake resources, it is necessary to manage the lake ecological suitability based on the lake-specific environmental conditions. Lake ecological suitability analysis can quantify the ecological function partitions, which can provide scientific foundation for rational utilization of lake resources and ecosystem management. Based on eco- logical investigation of the lake environment, ecological suitability in Lake Futou has been evaluated by selecting regional representa- tive factors such as water quality, biological and man-made interference factors, utilizing GIS technology and using the model of multi-factor summation with different evaluation grade and weights. According to results of suitability evaluation for each region and the lake＇s ecological environment protection requirements, the spatial area of Lake Futou can be divided into extremely suitable re- gion, highly suitable region, moderate suitable region, weak suitable region and non-suitable region. The area of each region is about 12.04% , 24.81% , 49.65% , 9.58% and 3.92% of total area of Lake Futou, respectively. For the purpose of the protection and ecologically sustainable development of fisheries, the extremely and highly suitable regions are suitable for ecological aquaculture, and the moderate, wake and non-suitable regions must be restored to normal conditions from the present damaged ecosystem.