德国博士生创新能力培养模式探析

Exploration of Germany's Mode for Cultivating Doctors' Innovativeness

以德国柏林地区经济与管理学博士生项目(BDPEMS)为例,对其培养模式特点进行研究发现,德国博士生培养不单纯以分数取人,注重全面考察,尤其注重学习者的学习动机;选修课程非常多样化,学生可以根据自己专业方向的需要进行选择;对博士研究生的培养很重视基础知识结构的掌握和学习,学生除了接受自己导师的指导以外,还有许多与其他学者进行交流的机会。总体而言,该项目具有课程形式多样,注重自主科研能力培养;选课方式开放自由,重视合作和资源互补;坚持传统师徒制度与研究生院制相结合的方式;内外协作,多阶段、多层次地评价教育质量等特点。德国的培养模式相对于我国博士研究生培养的现状具有一定的借鉴作用:要加强学习合作,鼓励思想碰撞;要坚持学术自由,鼓励多元化的学习;要采用灵活有效的多级评议方式。

Taking the case of the Berlin Doctoral Program in Economics ＆ Management Science （BDPEMS） and based on a study of its characteristics, the present paper has found that selection of a doctoral candidate is based on the student＇s motivation rather than on his academic scores, selective courses are diversified to let students choose their courses according to their own specialty, importance is attached to the mastery of basic knowledge, and that a doctoral candidate has the chance to communicate with scholars other than his own supervisor. Generally speaking, the Program lays emphasis on individual capacity development, academic freedom, combination of traditional and modern elements, internal and external cooperation and pluralistic evaluation of the educational quality. What can be learned from BDPEMS is that cooperative learning and academic confrontation should be strengthened, academic freedom should be firmly maintained to encourage diverse forms of learning and flexible and effective pluralistic evaluation should be conducted.