小胶质细胞活化对中枢神经系统功能的影响

The activation of microglia and the effects on the functions of central nervous system

背景小胶质细胞（microglia，MG）是中枢神经系统（central nervous system，cNs）中一种重要的免疫细胞，MG的活化可对CNS功能产生重要影响。目的通过探讨活化状态的MG生物学特性和临床应用前景，总结出关于MG活化有价值的研究方向。内容对MG细胞活化状态的生物学特性进行探讨，并总结在何种情况下MG活化发挥神经损伤作用，在何种情况发挥神经保护作用及MG活化的可能临床应用及面临问题。趋势MG的活化对CNS既可产生保护作用，又可产生损伤作用，如何通过调节MG的活化状态，趋利避害，是今后的研究方向。

Background Microglia （MG） is an important immune cell in the central nervous system （CNS）. Activated microglia can influence the functions of CNS markedly. Objective Through investigating the features and possible clinical applications of activated MG, to conclude valuable research directions of MG activation. Content This review tries to investigate the features and possible clinical applications of activated MG, to conclude how mieroglial activation plays a neuroprotective role, and how it could be harmful to the CNS, and to hypothesis the possible clinical applications and the difficulties that will be faced during the research. Trend MG can be activated in many CNS diseases, and it can be both neuroprotective and harmful to the CNS. How can the neuroprotective effects be made good use of and the harmfulness be ruled out may be one of the prospective trends.