劳工品质、劳动保护与跨国资本空间转移——基于中印两国的比较研究

Labor Quality,Labor Protection and the Space Diversion of Cross-National Capital:The Comparative Study on China and India

全球自由市场与低劳动力成本是比较优势模式发展的前提条件。劳工品质与资本流向正相关,劳动力价格、劳工技能以及劳工纪律性是劳工品质的基本内涵。劳工纪律性是社会建构的结果,政治机会结构与微观动员条件是两种主要的建构力量。较之于印度,劳工守规矩的品质是中国吸引资本的巨大优势。劳动保护需要与政治社会体制相匹配,这样才能实现与经济发展的均衡。中国不用担心劳工涨薪会导致资本外移,印度应该在政治社会结构允许的空间里一定程度地减少劳动保护,强化劳工纪律性。突破比较优势模式,通过产业升级完成经济增长方式的转型才是中印两国未来的根本出路。

Global free markets and low labor costs are the prerequisites for the comparative advantage model development.Labor quality,which includes labor price,labor skill and labor discipline,is correlated positively with the flow of capital.Labor discipline is the result of social construction.Political opportunity structure and micro-mobilization condition are two main shaping forces.Comparing with India,the discipline of Chinese labor is the advantage for attracting capital.In order to realize the balance between labor protection and economic development,labor protection should match with the political social system.China government doesn't need to worry about that the wage increase of labor will push capital move outside.India should reduce labor protection in a certain extent,and train the discipline of labor.For China and India,fulfilling the transformation of economic growth model with industry upgrade is the fundamental way.