第三脑室造瘘术与脑室腹腔分流术治疗脑积水疗效的系统评价

Endoscopic Third Ventriculostomy versus Ventriculal Peritoneum Shunt Surgery for Hydrocephalus: A Systematic Review

目的系统评价第三脑室造瘘术与脑室腹腔分流术治疗脑积水的临床疗效。方法计算机检索2001～2011年期间的PubMed、EMbase、Cochrane图书馆的临床对照试验资料库、CBM、CNKI和WanFang Data数据库,检索语种不限,纳入比较第三脑室造瘘术与脑室腹腔分流术治疗脑积水的随机或非随机对照试验,并观察两种手术方法的总并发症和各期生存率。由2名评价员按纳入排除标准独立选择文献、提取数据并交叉核对,依据Cochrane Handbook 5.0.2推荐的偏倚风险评估工具评价纳入研究的方法学质量,并采用RevMan 5.0软件进行统计分析。结果最终纳入9个试验,共计1 187例患者。Meta分析结果显示:内镜下第三脑室造瘘组和传统脑室腹腔分流术组在术后近期(1、2年)生存率上差异无统计学意义[RR=1.02,95%CI(0.90,1.16),P=0.74;RR=1.14,95%CI(1.00,1.30),P=0.06]。但在总并发症发生率、术后3年生存率、5年生存率方面,差异有统计学意义[分别为RR=0.70,95%CI(0.57,0.89),P=0.001;RR=1.23,95%CI(1.07,1.41),P=0.004;RR=1.14,95%CI(1.29,1.66),P=0.05],表明内镜下第三脑室造瘘在控制总并发症发生率和延长远期生存率上具有优势。结论本研究结果提示内镜下第三脑室造瘘术在降低总并发症发生率和术后长期生存率方面优于脑室腹腔分流术,而在近期并发症方面,两者没有差异。对于各种具体原因引起的脑积水患者,两种手术的疗效需要更多高质量的多中心随机双盲对照试验进一步证实。

Objective To evaluate the clinical effectiveness of endoscopic third ventriculostomy （ETV） and ventriculal peritoneum shunt （VPS） for hydrocephalus. Methods A fully recursive literature search was conducted in PubMed （1996 to lune, 2011）, EMBASE （1996 to June, 2011）, Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials （Issue 3, 2011）, CBM （1996 to June, 2011）, CNKI and Wanfang Database （1996 to lune, 2011） in any language. The randomized or non-randomized controlled trials of hydrocephalus treated by endoscopic third ventriculostomy and ventriculal peritoneum shunt were considered for inclusion. The analyzed outcome variables were overall complications and the survival rate of all time points. Data related to clinical outcomes were extracted by two reviewers independently. Statistical analyses were carried out by using RevMan 5.0 software. Results Nine published reports of eligible studies involving 1 187 participants met the inclusion criteria. Compared with VPS, ETV had no significant differences in short-term （1 or 2 years） survival rate （RR=I.02, 95%CI 0.90 to 1.16, P=0.74; RR=1.14, 95%CI 1.00 to 1.30, P=0.06）, but there were significant differences between the two groups in overall complication rate （RR=0.70, 95%CI 0.57 to 0.89, P=0.001）, postoperative 3-year survival rate （RR=1.23, 95%CI 1.07 to 1.41, P=0.004）, and postoperative 5-year survival rate （RR=1.14, 95%CI 1.29 to 1.66, P=0.05）. So the outcomes indicated ETV was superior in controlling the overall complication rate and prolonging the long-term survival rate. Conclusion Current evidence suggests that endoscopic third ventriculostomy is superior to ventriculal peritoneum shunt in reducing the overall complications and prolonging the long-term survival rate, but there is no significant difference in short-term survival rate between the two methods. The effectiveness of the two operational methods for hydrocephalus caused by all specific reasons still has to be further proved by more high-quality, multi-centered and double-blind RCTs.