重新理解马克思与形而上学问题——兼驳海德格尔对马克思“达到了虚无主义的极致”的批评

Rethinking of the Relationship between Marx and Metaphysics——Review the Heidegger's Criticizing of Marx on the Height of the Nihilism

马克思所创立的历史唯物主义属于世界观理论的谱系,它通过对德意志意识形态的批判终结了传统的形而上学。把作为超感性世界的意识形态归结为感性世界只是马克思克服形而上学的第一步。回应海德格尔对马克思陷入虚无主义的批评,就要回答马克思和"感性世界与超感性世界二元对立"的形而上学结构的关系问题。马克思不只是把超感性世界颠倒、归结为感性世界,而且是诉诸具体的作为感性活动的物质生产的二重性来克服虚无主义问题。感性活动作为感性世界和超感性世界的中介,起着"上通下达"的作用,表征着人的生存方式的二重性和矛盾性。因此,作为世界观理论的历史唯物主义正是通过具体的感性活动在感性世界和超感性世界之间保持了必要的张力,才避免了形而上学与虚无主义的厄运。

Historical materialism established by Marx is by pedigree the theory of worldview, ending the metaphysics by criticizing the German ideology. Marx attributes the transcend world to the sensible world, which is the first step to conquer metaphysics. In order to response to the Heidegger＇s criticizing of Marx in the nihilism, we must find out the relationship betweefi Marx＇s philosophy and the duality of transcendental world and sensible world of metaphysics. Marx conquers the nihilism resorts to the duality of the material production as sensible activity. As the medium of the transcendental world and sensible world, the sensible activity represent the duality and contradiction of the mode of human existence. Marx conquer the metaphysics and nihilism by establishing the balance of the transcendental world and sensible world.