马克思国家学说的演进逻辑

The Logic of the Unfolding of Marx's State Theory

马克思的国家学说在其理论体系中具有独立的地位。早期马克思用"林木偶像"来隐喻现代国家。透过马克思的共同体思想,现代国家作为一种"虚幻的共同体形式"这一观念为马克思批判资本主义现代国家的合法性奠定了基础。通过对法国大革命后国家政权的研究,马克思意识到,资本主义现代国家有可能演化为一种独立的、保守的政治力量,马克思指出这是资产阶级不能直接统治的后果,也是资产阶级市侩化政治的集中表现。针对国家机器不可改良的性质,马克思提出要"打碎国家机器",并且以巴黎公社为原型,第一次系统地提出了"社会共和国"这一替代性政治建构。

The State theory is very important in Karl Marx＇s theory. Early Marx used a metaphor of ＂tree idol＂ to describe the modern states. Then he called the modern states as ＂illusory community＂ in order to dyne the legitimacy of them. In the study about the state of post-revolution France, Karl Marx recognized that the capitalist state would likely be an independent and conservative force. This was the consequence of the capitalists＇ philistine politics. It was the abdication of the bourgeoisie made the state power strong and independent. When appealing to break the state machine, Karl Marx had firstly discovered an alternative political constitution which was called ＂social republic＂ whose prototype was the Paris Commune.