拉克劳和墨菲后马克思主义激进民主政治的三重向度

Three Dimensions of Ernesto Laclau and Chantal Mouffe's Post-Marxist Radical Democratic Politics

后马克思主义奠基性人物恩斯特.拉克劳和查特尔.墨菲的激进民主政治的意图及其内涵主要包括三重维度:用话语政治替换本质主义政治;用文化政治替换革命政治;用身份政治替换阶级政治。拉克劳和墨菲之所以要提出激进民主政治,其矛头显然直指马克思主义的社会主义策略。他们认为,马克思主义的现代性特征如本质主义、还原主义、经济主义等等,使得传统的社会主义策略在资本主义新现实面前一度失语,从而用激进民主政治来替换它显得极其必要。具有讽刺意味的是,拉克劳和墨菲以为自己的激进民主摆脱了现代性的困境,可是当他们强调政治或社会运动中领导权的中心地位时,他们显然滑入了现代性的泥沼,具有异质性特征。

The radical democratic politics by Ernesto Laclau and Chantal Mouffe, the two Post-Marxist representatives, include three dimensions, replacing Essentialist Politics with Politics of discourse; replacing revolutionary politics with Politics of culture; replacing class politics with Politics of identity. The reason that Laclau and Mouffe propose radical democratic politics is apparently to attack Marxist socialist strategy. They hold that Marxist features of modernity such as essentialism, reductionism, economism, etc. , make the traditional Marxist strategy of socialism aphasic in front of the new capitalist reality , and thus to replace it wih radical democratic politics seems extremely necessary. Ironically, Laclau and Mouffe think their radical democracy escapes the dilemma of modernity, but, when they emphasize the cetral role that the hegemony plays in the political and social movement, they clearly slide into the morass of modernity.