大亚湾核电站温排水对邻近水域鱼卵、仔鱼的影响

EFFECTS OF THERMAL EFFLUENT ON FISH EGGS AND LARVAE IN WATERS NEAR DAYA BAY NUCLEAR PLANT

大亚湾核电站运行以后 ,温排水主要影响核电站以东沿岸水域 ,温升 2℃的范围大约在2km以内。邻近水域的鱼卵和仔鱼数量仍然比较丰富 ,季节变化亦无大异常 ,但是在种类组成上出现了一些异常现象 :小沙丁鱼Sadinellaspp .鱼卵和仔鱼数量明显增多 ,斑Clupan odonpunctatus和鲷科 (Sparidae)鱼类的鱼卵和仔鱼数量显著减少 ,并且未见鱼Engraulisjaponicus和小公鱼Anchoviellasp .鱼卵以及科 (Engraulidae)和银汉鱼科 (Atherinidae)仔鱼的出现。鱼卵的数量分布与温排水有关 ,而仔鱼与之无关 ,鱼卵死亡率与温排水的关系亦不显著。文中还讨论了温排水的影响范围、鱼卵死亡率与温排水的关系以及温排水对成鱼的影响等问题。

The thermal effluent of the Daya Bay Nuclear Plant mainly affects the waters to the east of the plant,and the range with water temperature rising by 2℃ is within 2km. Fish eggs and larvae in the near waters remain abundant,and there is no obvious abnormality in respect of their seasonal variations. But there are some abnormal phenomena in species composition. The quantity of eggs and larvae of sardine ( Sardinella spp.) obviously increases,but those of spotted sardine ( Clupanodon punctatus ) and sea breams (Sparidae) obviously decrease. There appear no eggs of Japanese anchovy ( Engraulis japonicus ) and Anchoviella sp. and no larvae of Engraulidae and Atherinidae. The quantity distribution of eggs is related to the thermal effluent,while that of larvae,unrelated. The relation between egg mortality and thermal effluent is not obvious. The range affected by the thermal effluent,the relation between egg mortality and thermal effluent and the effect of the effluent on adult fish are discussed.