湖南农村中小学校防控突发公共卫生事件能力评估方法的初步研究

Preliminary Study on Evaluation Methods About Ability of Public Health Emergencies Prevention and Control Among Rural Primary and Middle Schools in Hunan

目的探讨农村学校防控突发公共卫生事件能力的评估方法。方法根据调查目的自行设计调查表格,采取问卷式和自填式方法进行现况调查,用综合评分法计算评估指数。结果学生健康知识与行为,中学生总合格率96.20%,10人不合格;小学生总合格率77.63%,66人不合格;中学生总合格率高于小学生(χ2=4.76,P<0.05);学校食品安全与饮用水,长沙县春华中学合格率为61.30%,显著低于桃江县桥头河中学合格率87.10%(χ2=6.78,P<0.05);长沙县春华小学合格率为74.2%,亦显著低于桃江县石牛江小学合格率87.10%(χ2=5.40,P<0.05);疫情报告相关知识,长沙县春华中学合格率40%,春华小学为80%。桃江县的中小学校合格率达到100%;学校综合卫生调查33个项目中合格率最低为长沙县春华中学68.18%,最高为桃江县中小学校均为75.56%,但四所学校之间差异无统计学意义(χ2=0.75,P>0.05);学校防控能力指数顺位,春华小学0.691,春华中学0.734,石牛江0.879,桥头河中学0.880。结论能力指数和平衡系数可真实反映学校在防控突发公共卫生事件能力方面存在的不足及主要原因,为如何加强和提高学校防控突发公共卫生事件能力提供了确切依据。值得推广应用。

Objective To explore the assessment method of the ability of public health emergencies in the rural schools. Methods According to the investigation purposes, we designed the questionnaires. Crorss - sectional survey was conducted by using the questionnaires and the method of self- filling - in - the- form. And the comprehensive evaluation method was used to calculate the evaluation index. Results The total qualified rates of health knowledge and behaviors of middle school students and pupils were 96.20% and 77.63%, respectively, there were 10 middle school students and 66 pupils unqualified. The total qualified rate of middle school students was higher than that of pupils （X2 = 4.76, P〈0.05）. The qualified rate of food security and drinking water in Chunhua Middle School of Changsha County was 61.30%, which was significantly lower than that in Qiaotouhe Middle School of Taojiang County （87.10%） （X2 = 6.78, P〈0.05）. The qualified rate of food security and drinking water in Chunhua Primary School of Changsha County was 74.2 %, which was significantly lower than that in Shiniujiang Primary School of Taojiang County （87.10%） （X2 = 5.40, P〈0.05）. The qualified rates of the relevant knowledge about epidemic situation report in Chunhua Middle School and Chunhua Primary School of Changsha County were 40 % and 80 %, respectively. The qualified rates of the relevant knowledge about epidemic situation report in Middle School and Primary School of Taojiang County were both 100 %. Among the comprehensive health survey of 33 items, the qualified rate of Chunhua Middle School was the lowest （68.18%）, while those in Middle School and Primary School of Taojiang County were the highest （both 75.56% ）. But no statistically significant difference was found among the four schools （X2 = 0.75, P 〉0.05）. The index sequences of prevention and control ability of Chunhua Elementary School, Chunhua Middle School, Shiniujiang Elementary School, and Qiao-touhe Middle School were 0. 691, 0. 734, 0. 879, and 0. 880, respectively. Conclusions Ability index and balance coefficient can truly reflect the existing problems and the main reasons of the shortcomings in prevention and control ability of public health emergencies for schools, which provide the reliable evidence for strengthen and improve the prevention and control ability of schools. This method is worthy of popularization and application.