某民办医学院学生心理健康状况及其影响因素调查

Survey on Mental Health Status and Its Influencing Factors in the Students of a Civilian-run Medical College

目的了解民办大学生心理健康状况及其影响因素。方法采取分层整群抽样方法,共抽取大学生1 200名,用症状自评量表(SCL-90)和自制调查问卷进行调查。结果该民办大学有29.49%的学生存在心理健康问题,3.78%有中度以上的心理问题,SCL-90各因子均分高于湖南及全国公立大学学生的各因子均分(P<0.01),民办高校大学生心理问题较多的是强迫症、敌对、抑郁与人际关系敏感。除敌对外,各因子均分女生高于男生(P<0.05),护理专业学生各因子均分最高,高于其它各专业(P<0.05),其次为临床医学专业,以药学、影像专业学生各因子均分最低,独生子女的敌对情绪高于非独生子女(P<0.05),城市来源的学生在躯体化症状、敌对、偏执3个因子得分高于农村来的学生(P<0.05)。结论民办高校学生的心理健康状况较公立高校学生差,并有其特殊性;心理健康教育重点应放在心理问题较多的护理、临床专业,特别是女生,要特别注意男生的敌对情绪。

Objective To investigate the mental health status and its impact factors of students in a civilian- run medical college. Methods A total of 1,200 medical college students were enrolled into this study by using a stratified cluster sampling method, and their mental health status was surveyed by symptom checklist - 90 （SCL- 90） and self-designed questionnaires. Results The proportion of students with psychological problems was 29.49 %, and those with moderate degree and above of psychological problems constituted 3.78 %. The average score of each factor of SCL - 90 in the medical college students was high- er than that of students from public universities in Hunan Province or China （P 〈 0.01 ）. The main psychological problems in the medical college students were obsessive- compulsive disorder, hostility, depression and interpersonal relation. Except for hc^stili- ty, the average scores of other factors of SCL - 90 in female students were higher than those of male students. The average score of each factor of SCL - 90 in the students of nursing speciality was the highest, followed by the students of clinical speciality, and that of the students of pharmacy and medical imaging specialities was the lowest. Hostility of students who was the only one child in their families was higher than that of other students （P 〈 0.05）. The scores of three factors （somatization, hostility and para- noia） in students from cities were higher than those of students from countryside （P 〈 0.05）. Conclusions The incidence of psychological problems in the civilian- run college students is higher than that of students from public universities, which has its particularity. Psychological health education should be actively developed among the students of nursing and clinical specialities, especially in female students. Special attention should be paid to the hostility of male students.