新邵县美沙酮门诊126名维持治疗患者HIV、梅毒和HCV感染状况分析

Analysis on Infection Status of HIV,Syphilis and HCV Among 126 Drug Users at Methadone Maintenance Treatment Clinic in Xinshao County

目的了解新邵县美沙酮门诊维持治疗患者人口学特征、相关危险行为与HIV、梅毒和HCV感染状况,为进一步做好美沙酮门诊工作提供科学依据。方法采用一对一的面对面调查,并采集静脉血进行HIV、梅毒和HCV抗体检测。结果在126名吸毒者中,HIV、梅毒和HCV感染率分别为2.38%、9.52%和58.73%。吸毒方式以烫吸为主,注射方式丙肝感染率最高,为86.49%。吸毒时间分为<2年、2～5年和5～10年三段,各段丙肝感染率分别为36.36%、54.72%与66.13%。注射器直接共用与间接共用者,其丙肝感染率分别为88.89%、82.61%。纹身及扎耳孔者丙肝感染率(64.52%)显著高于无纹身及扎耳孔者(42.42%)。结论新邵县吸毒人群受相关危险因素影响,HIV、梅毒和HCV感染率处于较高水平,应采取综合干预措施和扩大美沙酮门诊覆盖范围,以控制HIV、梅毒和HCV在吸毒人群中蔓延。

Objective To investigate the demography characteristics,the related risk behaviors,and the infection status of HIV,syphilis and HCV among 126 drug users at methadone maintenance treatment clinic in Xinshao County,and to provide the scientific evidence for further improving the work of methadone clinic.Methods Face to face investigation was conducted,and venous blood was collected to test the antibodies of HIV,syphilis and HCV.Results Among 126 drug users,the infection rates of HIV,syphilis and HCV were 2.38%,9.52% and 58.73%,respectively.Inhalation was the first way of drug administration.The HCV infection rate of injection drug users was the highest,accounting for 86.49%.According to different duration of drug-taking,the drug users were divided into the groups of <2 years,2~5 years and 5~10 years,the HCV infection rates of three groups were 36.36%,54.72% and 66.13%,respectively.The HCV infection rates in direct and indirect sharing of injection equipment were 88.89% and 82.61%,respectively.The HCV infection rate of drug users with tattoos and deep holes of the earrings(64.52%) was significantly higher than that of drug users without tattoos and deep holes of the earrings(42.42%).Conclusions The drug users in Xinshao County were affected by the related risk factors,and the infection rates of HIV,syphilis and HCV maintained higher levels.It is necessary to adopt comprehensive measures and expand the coverage of methadone maintenance treatment so as to control the spread of HIV,syphilis and HCV in drug users.