理想与现实的撞击:列宁模式及其理论启示

The Collision of Ideal and Reality: Lenin Model and Its Theoretical Significance

十月革命前,列宁对社会主义经济制度的理想包括两个要点:全体工人参与国家管理;全体公民成为国家雇员。社会主义经济建设的最初实践中,这两点都被实质性地改变。工人管理被一个官僚等级制取代;而雇用全体公民的"国家辛迪加"也不得不容忍更多的商品货币交换。这是社会主义经济制度的"列宁模式",它与我国当前公有制为主体的市场经济有很多相似性。从政治经济学的角度看,列宁模式对我们有两点重要启示:第一,科层与市场是当代生产力的必然,因此,社会主义市场经济是社会主义经济制度唯一正确的模式选择;第二,公有制"劳动平等"的本质规定具有内在矛盾,执政党必须高度道德自律,以防止大权在握的各级公产代理人化公为私、腐败堕落,社会主义基本经济制度只有在公有制多种实现形式的结合与互补中才能发展完善。

Before the October revolution, the ideal of Lenin on the socialist economic system consists of two points： all of the workers participate in the national manage- ment; all the citizens become the state employees. In the initial socialist economic con-struction practice, both two points have been changed substantially. Management of workers is replaced by a bureaucratic hierarchy~ and the ＂National Syndicate＂ which em- ploys all citizens also has to tolerate more exchanging between commodities and mone- tary. This is the ＂Lenin model＂ of socialist economic system, and has great similarity with China＇s current market economy which treats the economy of public ownership as the main body. From the perspective of Political Economics, we have two important en- lightenment from Lenin model： firstly, bureaucracy and market is inevitable on the modern productivity, therefore, socialist market economy .is the only correct mode of selection of socialist economy system~ secondly, ＂labor equal＂, the essence of public ownership has the inherent contradiction, thus the ruling party must strengthen moral self-discipline in order to prevent all levels of public property agent who have great pow- er changing public property into private, corruption. The basic socialist economic sys- tem can be improved only in the combination and complementary of various forms for realizing public ownership.