地方文教与传统宗族社会结构的变迁--以清代衡阳地区为个案的考察

The Changes in Both Local Culture and Education and the Traditional Social Structure of Clans —A Case Study of Hengyang in the Qing Dynasty

清代以士绅为主体的衡阳地方精英积极参与本地区的文教事务,同时这一时期也是地方宗族社会的发展成熟期。宗族组织在正式形成之后,需要借助政治文化优势来扩大其生存发展的社会空间,因此士绅参与地方文教与其宗族的利益紧密联系起来。宗族组织通过与正统儒家文化结合实现了彰显地位和权威的目的,但是参与主体的流动不定,又反映出了地方社会权力结构的不稳定性。清末新政的实施使得士绅被纳入到国家政治体系,其行为主旨与宗族的传统利益诉求逐渐发生偏离,致使王朝正统性象征在民间社会中的地位发生动摇。

The gentry, mainly constituting the local elites in Hengyang, actively participated in the lo- cal cuhural and educational affairs of the Qing Dynasty, during this period, the local clan system was ma- ture too. Clan organizations, after official establishment, need to depend on the political and cultural advan- tage to expand their survival and development of social space, so the gentry involved in local cultural and educational activities was closely related to the development of the their clan. In this process, clan organi- zations were in combination with orthodox Confucian culture and realized the purpose to show the social status and authority; but the participant flew which reflected the social power structure instability. As the implement of the new policy in the late Qing dynasty, gentry were incorporated into the national political system, their behavior of the subject deviated from the traditional interest demand of the clan and shook the dynasty orthodox symbol in local society.