小麦区域试验产量性状及其稳定性分析

Analysis of Yield Traits and Stability in Wheat Regional Trials

为了评价小麦品种的丰产性和稳定性,运用作物品种区域试验非平衡资料的统计分析方法,利用2008年和2009年的江苏省淮北地区小麦区域试验资料,对各参试品种的产量性状及其稳定性进行了分析。方差分量分析结果表明,试点和年份×试点互作对产量及其构成因素的影响较大。参试小麦品种的平均产量变幅为7078.35～7798.11kg/hm2,品种V2、V3、V13和V14的产量显著高于对照,其中品种V13的平均产量居首位,比对照品种V21增产500.97kg/hm2,增产率为6.87%;品种V8和V18的产量较低但与对照品种的差异未达显著水平。产量的稳定性方面,品种V14对环境指数的反应较敏感,品种V4和V6的一致性表现较差,其余参试品种的稳定性表现相似。综观参试小麦品种2年的产量表现,丰产性和稳产性较好的品种有V2和V13,品种V14的产量较高但稳定性表现较差。此外,开展多年多点试验,对于客观评价小麦区试参试品种的产量性状及其稳定性是十分必要的。

To appraise the performance of yield traits and stability of wheat varieties, the data collected from wheat regional trials of Huaibei Region in Jiangsu Province in 2008 and 2009, were analyzed with the analysis methods for unbalanced data from regional trial of crop variety. The results of variance components estimation showed that： yield performance was mainly affected by location and interaction between year and location. The average grain yield of the tested wheat varieties ranged from 7078.35 kg/hm 2 to 7798.11 kg/hm 2 . The yield of four varieties （i. e. V2 , V3 , V13 and V14 ） were significantly higher than those of the control. V13 was the best, which was 500.97 kg/hm 2 higher than the control V21 with a rise of 6.87%. The yields of V 8 and V 18 were relatively low but there was no significant difference with those of the control. Except for V14 , which was sensitive to environmental composite indexes, and V4 and V6 , which showed poor identity, the other varieties showed similar stability. Overall, V2 and V13 were the varieties with high and stable yield, while V14 was one with high and unstable yield. In order to evaluate yield traits and stability of the tested varieties, it is necessary to perform multi-year and multi-location tests in wheat regional trials.