中国宪政史上的“人民”观

The View of "the People" in Chinese Constitutional History

宪政权力源自"人民","人民"观决定着宪政的航向。中国宪政史上"臣民"观向"人民"观的转变标示出中国宪政的发展历程。清末立宪固守专制的"臣民"观,宪政改革失败。中国资产阶级宪政时期确立了资产阶级"人民"观,推动了社会发展,但"人民"仍不自由平等。中国无产阶级践行马克思主义无产阶级"人民"观,依靠"人民"实现了民族独立,进行社会主义宪政建设,最广大"人民"实现了自由平等。社会主义宪政时期,无产阶级"人民"观发展为阶层"人民"观,"人民"成为公平正义的载体。最广大"人民"是社会主义宪政的目的,"人民"观的创新对社会主义宪政建设具有重要意义。

＂ The people＂ is a key word in Chinese constitutional history. The constitutional government authority is authorized by ＂the people＂ and for ＂the people＂. The view of ＂the people＂ decides the constitutional government direction. The Qing constitutionalism insisted on the view of ＂subjects＂, and conseguently the constitutional reform was defeated. The view of ＂subjects＂ had been replaced by the view of ＂the people＂ in Chinese bourgeoisie constitutional government period. The transformation represented the development of Chinese constitution and impelled social development, but ＂the people＂ were still not free and equal. Chinese proletari- at fulfilled the view of ＂the people＂ as social class and as stratum in socialism constitutional government period. The majority obtained liberation and full scale development. ＂The people＂ is the carrier of fairness and justice. The goal of socialism constitutional government is for most people and justice. So to innovate the view ＂the people＂ is of great significance to socialism constitutional government.