特殊侵权行为中受害人过错制度的适用研究——以《侵权责任法》第六章到第十章为中心

Study on Application of Comparative Fault in Special Tortious Acts —Based on Stipulations from Chapter Six to Ten of Tort Liability Law

侵权责任法上的受害人过错制度分为受害人责任、过失相抵责任和比较责任三类。《侵权责任法》在第二十六条和第二十七条对受害人过错制度作出了一般性的规定,特殊侵权行为部分对受害人过错制度的规定则分为明确规定、适用特别法规定和无特别规定三种情况。《侵权责任法》第六章到第十章的受害人过错制度的适用具有特殊性。第九章高度危险责任按照危险程度可以分为极端危险责任、极度危险责任和高度危险责任三类,可以准用于醉酒驾驶和环境污染责任。

In Tort Liability Law, there are three types of comparative faults, namely, contributory negligence, comparative negligence and comparative responsibility. Article 26 and 27 of Tort Liability Law are general rules of comparative fault, but in terms of special tortious act, comparative fault is stipulated in three modes,namely, specific stipulation, application of special law, and no specific stipulation. Comparative fault stipulated from Chapter Six to Chapter Ten is special in application. In Chapter Nine, ultra-hazardous acts are divided into extremely hazardous act, excessively hazardous act, and highly hazardous act according to its respective hazard degree, and this classification can be applied to cases of driving while intoxicated and environment pollution.