考虑地区技术差距的中国上市物流公司成本效率及其影响因素研究

Cost Efficiency and Its Factors of Chinese Listed Logistics Companies Considering Regional Technology Gap

本文在考虑不同地区存在技术差距的条件下,首次采用共同前沿函数(metafrontier function)考察了2000—2009年环渤海、长三角和珠三角地区的上市物流公司的成本效率.研究发现,三个区域物流企业成本效率随机前沿可以用同一前沿函数包络.三个区域的技术差距比率存在显著差异.由TGR值进行不同技术水平地区成本效率比较时,以环渤海技术水平与成本节省幅度最好,长三角地区物流企业次之,珠三角地区企业节省幅度则最低.以2002年为转折点,环渤海与长三角地区的物流企业的技术差距比率超越珠三角,与共同前沿的技术差距呈缩小趋势.研究发现,良好的宏观经济背景、独特的产品和服务、较快的资产周转对成本效率有推动作用,而行业行政垄断阻碍了成本效率的提升.这些结果表明上市物流公司改善成本效率的有效手段是提高差异化服务的水平,注重资产的利用效率而不是短期获利能力的培养,政府应进一步提高交通运输部门的综合运管协调能力.

It firstly evaluates the cost efficiency of listed logistics companies in Chinese three developed regions with the metafrontier function during the time of 2000 - 2009. The result shows that these three regions＇ stochastic frontiers can be enveloped by a metafrontier curve. The technology gap ratio （TGR） among these three regions reveals significant difference. Considering the technology level and the cost efficiency, the enterprises in Circum-Bohai-Sea Region are best, the enterprises in Yangtze River Deha are second, and the enterprises in Zhujiang River Delta are third. From 2002 on, the TGR of Circum-Bohai-Sea Region and Yangtze River Delta began to exceed that of Zhujiang River Delta. The result also shows that good macro-economic background, unique product and service, faster assets turnover are quite beneficial to improving cost efficiency of logistics companies, but industry administrative monopoly hinders the promotion of cost efficiency. These conclusions demonstrate that improvement of the differencial-service level is an effective way to promote cost efficiency for listed logistics companies. The companies should pay more attention to the utilization efficiency of asset in stead of the short-term profitability. Government should make efforts to enhance the coordinating and comprehensive management competence of the units of trafie and transportation.