湿地与水患关系之研究

Study on the Relationship between Wetlands and Water-related Disasters

湿地是地球上水陆相互作用形成的具有独特生态功能的景观类型,在控制洪水、滞留洪峰、调节河川径流、补充地下水、净化水体、防预温室效应和维持区域水平衡中发挥着极其重要的作用。一方面,湿地生态系统遭到破坏容易引发系列水患。另一方面,频繁水患又对湿地生态系统产生严重危害,引起一系列的生态问题。维持湿地数量质量、面积容积、自净功能、自然属性、"海绵体"作用是防治水患的最有效措施,也迫在眉睫。

The wetland is a type of landscape with unique ecological functions formed by interaction between water and land on Earth. It has many significant functions in controlling floods, weakening flood peaks, adjusting river runoffs, supplementing underground water, purifying water bodies, preventing greenhouse effects and maintaining regional water balance, and so on. On the one hand, damages to wetland ecosystems can easily lead to water disasters. On the other hand, frequent water-related disasters can do serious harm to wetland ecosystems and cause a series of ecological problems. The most effective measures for the control of water-related disasters are to maintain a sufficient number of wetlands and ensure their qualities, areas and volumes, self-purification functions, natural properties and ＂sponge＂ ef- fects, which are extremely urgent.